Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is an autoimmune condition caused by a combination of genetic predisposition (such as HLA-B27) and immune system dysfunction, often triggered by environmental factors in people with psoriasis. Key risk factors include having psoriasis, obesity, smoking, and physical trauma, while infections and high stress act as major triggers.
Key Causes & Contributing Factors
- Genetics: Inherited genes make individuals more susceptible, particularly those with a family history of psoriasis or PsA.
- Immune System Dysfunction: The immune system mistakenly attacks healthy joints and skin, causing inflammation.
- Environmental Triggers: Physical trauma to the skin or joints, infections (such as streptococcus or staph), and significant stress can trigger the onset of the disease.
Major Risk Factors (Recent Updates & General)
- Psoriasis Severity: A higher risk exists for those with severe psoriasis, especially involving the scalp or nails.
- Obesity: Excessive weight is strongly associated with a higher risk of developing PsA in psoriasis patients.
- Smoking: Cigarette smoking increases the risk of developing PsA.
- Age and Gender: While it can occur at any age, it is most commonly diagnosed between 30 and 50 years old. Recent findings suggest that later onset (after 60–65) is associated with more aggressive disease and higher comorbidity.
- Biomechanical Stress: Microtrauma or physical injury to joints/tendons (enthesitis) can trigger the inflammatory response.
Common Flares Triggers
Once diagnosed, these factors often trigger flares:
Once diagnosed, these factors often trigger flares:
- Stress: High emotional stress.
- Illness/Infection: Viral or bacterial infections.
- Medication Changes: Stopping or changing medication.
- Injury: Physical trauma or severe sunburn.
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